# Supported Databases (Data Sources)

> View the list of SQL databases that Holistics currently support: PostgreSQL, BigQuery, Snowflake, Databricks, Redshift, Azure, SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, Presto, Clickhouse, AWS Athena, MotherDuck.

## SQL-supported databases

Holistics currently supports the following SQL databases and data sources:

- PostgreSQL (version 9.3 or above recommended)
- [Google BigQuery](/docs/connect/databases/bigquery.md)
- [Snowflake](/docs/connect/databases/snowflake.md)
- [Databricks](/docs/connect/databases/databricks.md)
- Amazon Redshift
- [Azure DB via Microsoft SQL Server](/docs/connect/databases/azure-mssql.md)
- [Microsoft SQL Server](/docs/connect/databases/sql-server.md)
- MySQL
- Presto
- [Amazon Athena](/docs/connect/databases/amazon-athena.md)
- [Clickhouse](/docs/connect/databases/clickhouse.md)
- [MotherDuck](/docs/connect/databases/motherduck.md)
- [Oracle](/docs/connect/databases/oracle.md)

:::info
While you can connect to PostgreSQL versions older than 9.3, we cannot guarantee full backward compatibility in those cases.
:::

## Universal features

All supported databases include Holistics' core capabilities: creating Table and SQL Models, defining relationships, building datasets, and creating reports with full filter support.

## Feature comparison

The table below highlights features that vary by database. Use this to understand what works best with your data warehouse.

  <StickyTable style={{ width:'120%' }}>
    
      
        Feature
        PostgreSQL
        BigQuery
        Snowflake
        Databricks
        Redshift
        Azure&nbsp;SQL
        SQL&nbsp;Server
        MySQL
        Presto
        Athena
        Clickhouse
        MotherDuck
        Oracle
      
    
    
      
        Passthrough Authentication
        ❌
        ❌
        📅Coming soon
        ✅
        ❌
        ❌
        ❌
        ❌
        ❌
        ❌
        ❌
        ❌
        ❌
      
      
        Persistence: Full mode
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ❌
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ❌
        ❌
      
      
        Persistence: Incremental mode
        ✅
        ✅
        📅Roadmap
        ❌
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        ✅
        📅Roadmap
        ✅
        ❌
        ❌
      
      
        Persistence: Upsert mode
        ✅
        ✅
        📅Roadmap
        ❌
        ✅
        📅Roadmap
        📅Roadmap
        ✅
        ✅
        📅Roadmap
        ✅
        ❌
        ❌
      
    
  </StickyTable>

:::note Persistence on Databricks, MotherDuck, and Oracle
Databricks, MotherDuck, and Oracle do not currently support Holistics persistence features (Full, Incremental, or Upsert modes). For these databases, you can use native transformation tools or external orchestration to manage data transformations.
:::

:::note Clickhouse limitations
Clickhouse has some feature limitations compared to other databases. See [Clickhouse Limitations](/docs/connect/faqs/clickhouse-limitations) for details. Notably, [Running Total](/docs/running-total) is not supported for Clickhouse.
:::

<!-- ## Support for spreadsheets sources

Besides the SQL connectors, Holistics also support a few non-SQL data sources: **CSV/Excel files**, **Google Spreadsheets**.

To work with these sources, please use our [Import Model](/docs/import-models.md) to load them into your SQL database. -->

## Support for other data sources

For **NoSQL data sources** (MongoDB, CouchDB, etc) and **application data sources** (Salesforce, Hubspot, Facebook Ads), we [recommend](https://www.holistics.io/books/setup-analytics/a-simple-setup-for-people-just-starting-out/) you use a dedicated ETL/EL
tool, load the data into your data warehouse, and use Holistics to visualize them.